Steam distillation is the most common method used to extract essential oils, particularly for herbs, flowers, and trees. The process begins by passing steam through plant material, which causes the plant's essential oils to evaporate. The steam and oil then travel through a condenser, where the steam cools and separates into water and oil. The essential oil is then collected, ready to be bottled.

This method is preferred for delicate flowers and herbs, such as lavender, chamomile, and eucalyptus. It produces high-quality oils while maintaining their therapeutic properties.

Cold pressing is typically used for citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, and bergamot. In this process, the rind of the fruit is mechanically pressed to release its essential oil. The cold temperature prevents the oil from being altered by heat, allowing it to retain its fresh and fruity aroma.

Cold-pressed oils tend to have a more vibrant, fresh fragrance and are commonly used in aromatherapy for their uplifting, energizing effects.

CO2 extraction is a more modern technique that uses carbon dioxide in a pressurized state to extract essential oils. This method is highly efficient and preserves the plant's full aroma and therapeutic properties. CO2 extraction is often used for more delicate plants or herbs that are sensitive to heat or light.

Because CO2 extraction results in a highly concentrated oil, it’s perfect for creating potent, high-quality oils used in perfumery or for targeted therapeutic purposes, such as frankincense and rose.